Gravel: The Complete Guide
Everything you need to know about gravel - uses, costs, pros & cons
Quick Facts: Gravel
In This Guide
What is Gravel?
Definition
Gravel is a loose aggregation of rock fragments, typically ranging from 2mm to 64mm in size, used in construction, landscaping, and drainage applications.
Gravel is one of the most versatile construction materials, available in various sizes, shapes, and compositions. From smooth river rocks to angular crushed stone, gravel serves countless purposes in construction and landscaping.
Composition
Natural or crushed rock fragments including granite, limestone, basalt, quartz, and other stones. Size ranges from fine (¼ inch) to coarse (2+ inches).
Uses & Applications
Gravel is commonly used for:
- ✓Driveway construction and surfacing
- ✓Drainage systems and French drains
- ✓Road base and sub-base
- ✓Landscaping and decorative features
- ✓Walkway and patio base
- ✓Septic system drain fields
- ✓Concrete aggregate
- ✓Erosion control
When to Use Gravel
✓ Best For
- Drainage applications
- Driveway surfaces
- Decorative landscaping
- Base material under pavers
- French drain installations
✗ Not Recommended For
- Areas with heavy foot traffic (bare feet)
- Play areas for children
- Steep slopes (will migrate)
- Fine grading applications
Pros & Cons of Gravel
| Pros ✓ | Cons ✗ |
|---|---|
| Excellent drainage | Can migrate/spread over time |
| Durable and long-lasting | Difficult to walk on barefoot |
| Low maintenance | Requires edging to contain |
| Many sizes and colors available | Snow removal can be challenging |
| Prevents mud and erosion | Weeds can grow through |
| Affordable for most budgets |
Gravel Cost & Pricing
Typical Price Range
$15 - $75
per ton
Weight Information
Gravel typically weighs 2,700 - 3,000 lbs (1.35 - 1.5 tons). This is important for calculating delivery costs and truck capacities.
Frequently Asked Questions
What size gravel is best for driveways?
For driveways, use 3/4" crushed stone for the base layer (4-6 inches), and 3/8" to 1/2" gravel for the top layer (2-3 inches). The angular shape of crushed stone locks together better than round river rock.
How much gravel do I need?
Calculate: Length × Width × Depth (all in feet) ÷ 27 = cubic yards. Then multiply by 1.4 to convert to tons. Example: 10×20 ft driveway with 4" depth = 10×20×0.33÷27 = 2.4 cubic yards = 3.4 tons.
What's the difference between pea gravel and crushed stone?
Pea gravel is small (3/8"), rounded, and decorative but shifts easily. Crushed stone is angular, locks together, and is better for driveways and structural applications. Pea gravel works well for patios and walkways.
How deep should gravel be for a driveway?
Total driveway gravel depth should be 6-8 inches. Use 4-6 inches of larger crushed stone base, topped with 2-3 inches of finer gravel. Compact each layer for best results.
Does gravel need to be compacted?
Yes! Compacting gravel creates a stable, durable surface. Use a plate compactor or roller. Water the gravel before compacting for best results. Compact in 2-3 inch lifts.
Environmental & Regulatory Notes
Environmental Considerations
Gravel is a natural material with minimal environmental impact. Permeable gravel surfaces help with stormwater management. Consider locally-sourced gravel to reduce transportation emissions.
Regulations
Gravel use is generally unregulated for residential purposes. Some municipalities have requirements for driveway construction or may restrict gravel in certain aesthetic zones.
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