Sand: The Complete Guide
Everything you need to know about sand - uses, costs, pros & cons
Quick Facts: Sand
What is Sand?
Definition
Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles, typically ranging from 0.1mm to 2mm in diameter, used extensively in construction and landscaping.
Sand is a fundamental construction material with applications ranging from concrete production to children's sandboxes. Different types of sand serve different purposes based on grain size, shape, and composition.
Composition
Primarily silica (quartz) with varying amounts of feldspar, ite, and other minerals. Grain shape varies from angular (crushed) to (natural/beach).
Uses & Applications
Sand is commonly used for:
- ✓Concrete and mortar mixing
- ✓Paver and patio base (leveling layer)
- ✓Sandbox and play areas
- ✓Golf course bunkers
- ✓Landscaping and beach areas
- ✓Pipe bedding for utilities
- ✓Pool filter media
- ✓Traction on icy surfaces
When to Use Sand
✓ Best For
- Leveling layer under pavers
- Mixing concrete and mortar
- Children's play areas
- Improving drainage in clay soil
- Bedding for underground pipes
✗ Not Recommended For
- Structural fill (doesn't compact well alone)
- Garden soil (no nutrients)
- Steep slopes (erodes easily)
Pros & Cons of Sand
| Pros ✓ | Cons ✗ |
|---|---|
| Excellent for leveling | Erodes easily without containment |
| Easy to work with | Not suitable for planting |
| Good drainage properties | Can be dusty when dry |
| Affordable | May attract cats if uncovered |
| Won't decompose | Doesn't compact well alone |
| Multiple grades available |
Sand Cost & Pricing
Typical Price Range
$20 - $45
per cubic yard
Weight Information
Sand typically weighs 2,500 - 2,800 lbs (1.25 - 1.4 tons). This is important for calculating delivery costs and truck capacities.
Frequently Asked Questions
What type of sand should I use under pavers?
Use concrete sand or mason sand for the leveling layer under pavers (1 inch thick). These have angular grains that lock together. Don't use play sand or beach sand as they're too fine and round.
How much sand do I need under pavers?
Apply 1 inch of sand over your compacted gravel base. Calculate: Length × Width (in feet) × 0.083 ÷ 27 = cubic yards. A 200 sq ft patio needs about 0.6 cubic yards of sand.
What's the difference between mason sand and concrete sand?
Mason sand is finer and screened for smoothness - best for mortar and final leveling. Concrete sand is coarser with more angular particles - better for mixing concrete and structural applications.
Can I add sand to clay soil?
Yes, but add enough - at least 50% by volume. Adding small amounts of sand to clay can actually make it worse (like concrete). Mix thoroughly and consider adding organic matter too.
Is play sand safe for children?
Quality play sand is washed, screened, and tested for safety. Look for sand specifically labeled as play sand. Avoid industrial sands which may contain harmful silica dust or contaminants.
Environmental & Regulatory Notes
Environmental Considerations
Sand mining has environmental impacts on beaches and rivers. Consider recycled or manufactured sand alternatives when possible. Some specialty sands (like beach sand) may have harvesting restrictions.
Regulations
Sand quality for specific applications (like playground sand) may be regulated for safety. Concrete sand must meet ASTM standards for construction use.
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