Topsoil: The Complete Guide
Everything you need to know about topsoil - uses, costs, pros & cons
Quick Facts: Topsoil
In This Guide
What is Topsoil?
Definition
Topsoil is the uppermost layer of soil, typically the top 2-8 inches, containing the highest concentration of organic matter, microorganisms, and nutrients essential for plant growth.
Topsoil is the dark, nutrient-rich layer of earth that supports plant life. Quality topsoil contains organic matter, beneficial microorganisms, and a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay. It's essential for establishing lawns, gardens, and landscaping.
Composition
Organic matter (5-10%), minerals, sand, silt, clay, beneficial bacteria, fungi, and nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
Uses & Applications
Topsoil is commonly used for:
- ✓Lawn installation and repair
- ✓Garden bed preparation
- ✓Landscaping projects
- ✓Flower bed creation
- ✓Vegetable garden soil
- ✓Tree and shrub planting
- ✓Raised bed filling
- ✓Lawn leveling and topdressing
When to Use Topsoil
✓ Best For
- Any planting application
- Establishing new lawns
- Garden beds and borders
- Improving existing soil quality
- Raised bed gardens
✗ Not Recommended For
- Structural fill (will settle)
- Foundation backfill
- Below-grade applications
- Areas with drainage requirements
Pros & Cons of Topsoil
| Pros ✓ | Cons ✗ |
|---|---|
| Rich in nutrients for plants | More expensive than fill dirt |
| Promotes healthy root growth | Will settle over time |
| Contains beneficial organisms | Not suitable for structural use |
| Improves soil structure | Quality varies significantly |
| Retains moisture well | May contain weed seeds |
| Essential for landscaping success |
Topsoil Cost & Pricing
Typical Price Range
$20 - $50
per cubic yard
Weight Information
Topsoil typically weighs 1,800 - 2,200 lbs (0.9 - 1.1 tons). This is important for calculating delivery costs and truck capacities.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much topsoil do I need for my lawn?
For new lawns, apply 4-6 inches of topsoil. Calculate: Length × Width × Depth (in feet) ÷ 27 = cubic yards needed. A 1,000 sq ft lawn with 4 inches of topsoil needs about 12 cubic yards.
What's the difference between screened and unscreened topsoil?
Screened topsoil has been filtered to remove rocks, roots, and debris, making it finer and more uniform. Unscreened topsoil is cheaper but may contain debris. Use screened for lawns and gardens.
Can I mix topsoil with existing soil?
Yes, and it's recommended! Mix topsoil with your existing soil to improve its quality. A 50/50 mix often works well. This helps with drainage and creates a better growing environment.
How long does topsoil last?
Topsoil quality diminishes over time as organic matter decomposes. In gardens, add compost annually to maintain fertility. For lawns, topdress every 2-3 years to maintain soil health.
What makes good quality topsoil?
Quality topsoil is dark brown to black, crumbly texture, earthy smell, free of debris, contains 5-10% organic matter, and has balanced pH (6.0-7.0). Avoid topsoil that smells sour or is heavy clay.
Environmental & Regulatory Notes
Environmental Considerations
Source topsoil responsibly. Avoid topsoil stripped from wetlands or natural areas. Consider organic options and locally-sourced material to reduce environmental impact.
Regulations
Topsoil quality is generally not regulated, but some municipalities restrict its removal from certain areas. Commercial topsoil may be tested for contaminants and weed seeds.
Related Materials
Find Topsoil Near You
Browse listings from local contractors or post your own request - FREE!