Clean Fill: The Complete Guide
Everything you need to know about clean fill - uses, costs, pros & cons
Quick Facts: Clean Fill
In This Guide
What is Clean Fill?
Definition
Clean fill is uncontaminated, inert material consisting of soil, rock, sand, gravel, concrete, brick, or other similar materials that are free of combustible, putrescible, degradable, or hazardous materials.
Clean fill is the most commonly used fill material in construction and landscaping. It consists of natural earth materials that have been tested or certified to be free of contaminants, debris, and organic matter. Clean fill is essential for projects requiring a stable, compactable base.
Composition
Natural soil, clay, sand, gravel, crushed rock, broken concrete, or brick without organic material, garbage, hazardous substances, or materials that could decompose.
Uses & Applications
Clean Fill is commonly used for:
- ✓Foundation preparation and backfill
- ✓Site grading and leveling
- ✓Road and driveway base construction
- ✓Utility trench backfill
- ✓Raising property elevation
- ✓Filling swimming pools and basements
- ✓Creating berms and landscape features
- ✓Erosion control projects
When to Use Clean Fill
✓ Best For
- Structural applications requiring stability
- Projects near water sources
- Sites requiring environmental compliance
- Commercial construction projects
- Government and DOT projects
✗ Not Recommended For
- Garden beds (use topsoil instead)
- Lawn installation (lacks nutrients)
- Planting areas (poor for root growth)
Pros & Cons of Clean Fill
| Pros ✓ | Cons ✗ |
|---|---|
| Stable and compactable | Not suitable for planting |
| Will not decompose or settle | May require testing for certification |
| Environmentally safe | Availability varies by location |
| Often available for free | Quality can vary between sources |
| Meets most regulatory requirements | |
| Excellent drainage properties |
Clean Fill Cost & Pricing
Typical Price Range
FREE - $15
per cubic yard
Weight Information
Clean Fill typically weighs 2,000 - 3,000 lbs (1 - 1.5 tons). This is important for calculating delivery costs and truck capacities.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between clean fill and topsoil?
Clean fill is subsoil without organic matter, used for structural fill and grading. Topsoil is the nutrient-rich top layer of soil containing organic material, best for gardens and lawns. Clean fill goes underneath, topsoil goes on top.
How do I know if fill dirt is clean?
Clean fill should be free of debris, trash, organic matter, and contaminants. For certified projects, testing may be required. Look for fill from reputable sources like excavation companies working on new construction sites.
Can I use clean fill for my garden?
No, clean fill lacks nutrients needed for plant growth. Use topsoil for gardens. Clean fill is best used as a base layer, with topsoil added on top for planting areas.
How much does clean fill weigh?
Clean fill typically weighs 2,000-3,000 pounds per cubic yard (1-1.5 tons), depending on moisture content and composition. Wet fill weighs more than dry fill.
Where can I get free clean fill?
Free clean fill is often available from excavation contractors, construction sites, pool companies, and landscapers who need to dispose of excess material. Clean Fill Network connects you with local sources.
Environmental & Regulatory Notes
Environmental Considerations
Clean fill must be free of hazardous materials to protect groundwater and soil quality. Many jurisdictions require testing for projects near water sources or in residential areas.
Regulations
Clean fill regulations vary by state and municipality. Common standards include EPA guidelines, state environmental regulations, and local fill ordinances. Always verify local requirements before accepting or placing fill material.
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